Exercise 38 page 139

1.      George is the man chosen to represent the committee at the convention.

2.      All of the money accepted has already been realesed.

3.      The papers on the table belong to Patricia.

4.      The man brought to the police station confessed to the crime.

5.      The girl drinking coffee is Mary Allen.

6.      John’s wife, a professor, has written several papers on this subject.

7.      The man talking to the policeman is my uncle.

8.      The book on the top shelf is the one that I need.

9.      The number of students been counted is quite high.

10.  Leo Evans, a doctor, eats in this restaurant every day.

Exercise 37 page 138

1.      The last record that was produced by this company became a gold record.

2.      Checking accounts who require a minimum balance are very common now.

3.      The proffessor to whom  you spoke yesterday is not here today.

4.      John, whose grades are the highest in the school, has received a scholarship.

5.      Felipe bought  a camera that has three lenses.

6.      Frank is the man whom we are going to nominate for the office of treasurer.

7.      The doctor is with a patient whose leg was broken in an accident.

8.      Jane is the woman who is going to China next year.

9.      Janet wants a typewriter who self-corrects.

10.  This book that I found last week contains some useful information.

11.  Mr. Bryant, whose team has lost the game, looks very sad.

12.  James wrote an article that indicated that he disliked the president.

13.  The director of the program who graduated from Havard University is planning to retire next year.

14.  This is the book that I have been looking for all the year.

15.  William, whose brother is a lawyer, wants to become a judge.

THE RELATIVE PRONOUN

A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a verb.

An independent clause is a complete sentence. It contains the main subject and verb of a sentences. It is also called a main clause.

A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. It must be connected to an independent clause.

An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It describes, identifies, or gives further information about a noun. An adjective clause is also called a relative clause.

A.    Using Subject Pronouns : WHO, WHICH, THAT

Example : - I thanked the woman. -          She helped me. (a)    I thanked the woman who helped me. (b)   I thanked the woman that helped me. Example : - The book is mine. -          It is on the table. (c)    The book which is on the table is mine. (d)   The book that is on the table is mine.

In (a) : I thanked the woman = an independent clause.                 who helped me = an adjective clause. The adjective clause modifies the noun woman. In (a) : who is the subject of the adjective clause. In (b) : that is the subject of the adjective clause. Note : (a) and (b) have the same meaning. Who = used for people. Which = used for things. That = used for both people and things.

B.     Using Subject Pronouns : WHOM, WHICH, THAT

Example : - The man was Mr. Jones. -          I saw him. (e)    The man who(m) I saw was Mr. Jones. (f)    The man that I saw was Mr. Jones. (g)   The man Ø I saw was Mr. Jones. Example : - The movie wasn’t very good. -          We saw it last night. (h)   The movie which we saw last night wasn’t very good. (i)     The movie that we saw last night wasn’t very good. (j)     The movie Ø we saw last night wasn’t very good.

Notice in the examples : the adjective clause pronouns are placed at the beginning of the clause. In (e) : who is usually used instead of whom, especially in speaking. Whom is generally used only in very formal English. In (g) and (j) : an object pronoun is often omitted from an adjective clause. ( a subject pronoun, however, may not be omitted). Who(m) = used for people. Which = used for things. That = used for both people and things.

C.     Using Subject Pronouns : WHOSE

Example : - I know the man. -          His bicycle was stolen. (k)   I know the man whose bicycle was stolen. Example : - The student writes well. -          I read her composition. (l)     The student whose composition I read writes well.	Whose is used to show possession. It carries the same meaning as other possessive pronouns used as adjectives : his, her, its and their. Like his, her, its and their, whose is connected to a noun. his bicycle à whose bicycle. her composition à whose composition. Both whose and the noun it is connected to are placed at the beginning of the adjective clause. Whose cannot be omitted.
Mr. Catt has a painting. Its value is inestimable. (m) Mr. Catt a painting whose value is inestimable.	Whose usually modifies “people” but it may also be used to modify “things” as in (m).

Tugas

Exercise 36 page 135

1. leave
2. repaired
3. typed
4. call
5. painted
6. wrote
7. lie
8. sent
9. to cut
10. sign
11. leave
12. washed
13. fixed
14. published
15. find

Passive Voice

Passive Voice

S          V        O Active : (a) Mary helped the boy	Form of passive : be + past participle
S                    V Passive : (b) The boy was helped by Mary	In the passive, the object of verb becomes the subject of the passive verb : “the boy” in (a) becomes the subject of the passive verb in (b). (a) and (b) have the same meaning.

TENSES	ACTIVE	PASSIVE
simple present	Tom opens the door	The door is opened by Tom
present progessive	Tom is opening the door	The door is being opened by Tom
present perfect	Tom has opened the door	The door has been opened by Tom
simple past	Tom opened the door	The door was opened by Tom
past progessive	Tom was opening the door	The door was being opened by Tom
past perfect	Tom had opened the door	The door had been opened by Tom
simple future	Tom will open the door	The door will be opened by Tom
be going to	Tom is going to open the door	The door is going to be opened by Tom
future perfect	Tom will have opened the door	The door will have been opened by Tom